منابع مشابه
On Botulinum Neurotoxin Variability
The rapidly growing number of botulinum neurotoxin sequences poses the problem of the possible evolutionary significance of the variability of these superpotent neurotoxins for toxin-producing Clostridium species. To progress in the understanding of this remarkable phenomenon, we suggest that researchers should (i) abandon an anthropocentric view of these neurotoxins as human botulism-causing a...
متن کاملBotulinum neurotoxin: the ugly duckling.
This review presents a brief account of the most significant biological effects and clinical applications of botulinum neurotoxins, in a way comprehensive even for casual readers who are not familiar with the subject. The most toxic known substances in botulinum neurotoxins are polypeptides naturally synthesized by bacteria of the genus Clostridium. These polypeptides inhibit acetylcholine rele...
متن کاملRegulation of Botulinum Neurotoxin Expression
Botulinal neurotoxin continues to be a concern in food safety. The molecular biology of botulinal neurotoxin gene expression in Clostridium botuli-num is poorly understood. In this study, the transcriptional and translational kinetics of expression of type A botulinal neurotoxin by C. botulinum type A strains Hall A, 62A, and NCTC 2916 were determined during 96 hours of growth. Strains were gro...
متن کاملConjugative Botulinum Neurotoxin-Encoding Plasmids in Clostridium botulinum
BACKGROUND Clostridium botulinum produces seven distinct serotypes of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs). The genes encoding different subtype neurotoxins of serotypes A, B, F and several dual neurotoxin-producing strains have been shown to reside on plasmids, suggesting that intra- and interspecies transfer of BoNT-encoding plasmids may occur. The objective of the present study was to determine whe...
متن کاملBotulinum Neurotoxin Subtype A4 Originating from Nontoxigenic Clostridium botulinum.
In this issue of Applied and Environmental Microbiology (AEM), we publish a paper by Marite Bradshaw, William H. Tepp, Regina C. M. Whitemarsh, Sabine Pellett, and Eric A. Johnson from the Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin— Madison (UW—M), reporting on the purification and characterization of subtype A4 botulinum neurotoxin (1). The authors describe the purification of recombi...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: mBio
سال: 2015
ISSN: 2161-2129,2150-7511
DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02131-14